The 2025 EF English Proficiency Index, assessing 123 countries, reveals persistent global disparities in English skills. The Netherlands tops the ranking, followed by Croatia and Austria, while Germany posts one of Europe’s biggest gains. Speaking remains the biggest challenge, with over half of countries scoring lowest in this skill, and wide gaps exist across reading, writing, listening, and speaking.
Encouragingly, the gender gap is shrinking worldwide, though youth under 25 continue to lag behind older adults, defying post-pandemic expectations. Regionally, Europe has plateaued, Asia shows the narrowest skill gaps, Latin America the largest age disparities, and Africa the most varied performance.
For the first time, EF used AI to assess speaking and writing, offering a richer view of communication skills. With English remaining the key language for global collaboration, innovation, and access to leading AI tools, proficiency is more critical than ever.
